解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Endothelin (ET)-1 is an endothelium-derived peptide with potent vasoconstrictor and proliferative properties. The ET system is activated in several cardiovascular disease states associated with functional and structural vascular changes, including hypertension and heart failure. The two ET receptor subtypes are known ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.22.1.54.33505
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of Niaspan--a niacin preparation with both immediate- and extended-release characteristics--on lipid and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN:Retrospective study SETTING:Private-practice endocrinology group. PATIENTS:Thirty-two patients (mean age 60 yrs; 7...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.21.20.1473.34481
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass may develop clinically significant physiologic alterations in the perioperative period, including alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations. Alterations in the concentration of thyroid hormones are of concern due to the effects of these hormones on cardiac function. Hypoth...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.21.17.1368.34425
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olanzapine has been associated with insulin resistance and new-onset diabetes mellitus. A 27-year-old African-American man developed new-onset severe hyperglycemia-glucose 1240 mg/dl, with ketonuria and acidosis, but no weight gain-2 years after starting olanzapine. Although his diabetes was stabilized with insulin, h...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.21.17.1448.34421
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the effect of a triplicate prescription policy on administration of benzodiazepines and possible substitute drugs in nursing home residents during 1994-1995. DESIGN:Retrospective cross-sectional study SETTING:Medicare- and Medicaid-certified nursing homes in five states: New York, which has a po...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.21.15.1159.33898
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical significance of rifampin's induction of warfarin metabolism is well documented, but no published studies or case reports have quantified this interaction with respect to the international normalized ratio (INR). A patient receiving concomitant rifampin and warfarin to treat a mycobacterial infection and i...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.21.15.1240.33897
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetic characteristics of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin include excellent oral bioavailability (90-99%), extensive penetration into tissues and body fluids, and an elimination half-life (6-12 hrs) that allows for once-daily dosing in patients with normal renal function. Levofloxacin and gat...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.21.16.233s.33992
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The death rate from coronary heart disease (CHD) declined by 25% in the United States during 1987-1997, but the actual number of deaths fell by only 9%. Modifiable risk factors for CHD include hypertension, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cigarette smoking, a...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.21.14.195s.34602
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the usage patterns of the lipid-based amphotericin B formulations at our institution and to compare the observed nephrotoxicity and efficacy of these formulations. DESIGN:Prospective and retrospective observational study SETTING:Urban 350-bed teaching hospital. PATIENTS:Sixty-seven nonhe...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.21.13.1107.34613
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive fungal infections, especially candidiasis and aspergillosis, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Many controversies surround the management of these infections. A critical overview of the recent Infectious Diseases Society of America practice guidelines is provided, as are comments on both the conun...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.21.12.175s.34506
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a systematic review of randomized, controlled, monotherapy trials since 1990 of oral antihypertensive agents in patients with essential hypertension. Our objective was to quantify the frequency of discontinuation of antihypertensive agents due to adverse events from a meta-analysis of the studies. A total...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1592/phco.21.11.940.34520
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Good admissions decisions are essential for identifying successful students and good practitioners. Various parameters have been shown to have predictive power for academic success. Previous academic performance, the Pharmacy College Admissions Test (PCAT), and specific prepharmacy courses have been suggested as acade...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.21.9.842.34566
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The newer quinolone antibiotics, including levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin, offer coverage of the likely pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and have been shown to be safe and effective treatments for CAP. Two of these agents, levofloxacin and gatifloxacin, have pharmacokinetic and antibacteri...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.21.10.100s.34534
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the extent to which nitrofurantoin is transferred into human milk. DESIGN:Prospective, single-dose pharmacokinetic study. SETTING:University-affiliated clinical research center. PATIENTS:Four healthy lactating women 8-26 weeks postpartum. INTERVENTION:All subjects received a single, ora...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.21.7.669.34574
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The statins are widely used to treat dyslipidemias. They are generally associated with mild adverse effects, but rarely, more serious reactions may occur. A 51-year-old man experienced delayed-onset, progressive memory loss while receiving simvastatin for hypercholesterolemia. His therapy was switched to pravastatin, ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.21.7.767.34577
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Death is the ultimate adverse drug event. Despite its importance, the frequency of fatal adverse drug events is unknown. Estimates in the United States are as high as 140,000/year, although this number is heavily disputed. Potential reasons and risks for fatal adverse drug events, as well as epidemiologic designs for ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.21.6.521.34540
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Certain demographic, practice, staffing, and pharmacist satisfaction variables may contribute to dispensing errors. A survey was randomly mailed to 7298 (50%) Texas pharmacists, of which 2862 were returned (39% response rate). Responders were 2437 pharmacists who indicated that they were in practice. Of these, 535 (23...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1592/phco.21.6.614.34544
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifteen percent of premenopausal women, 10-40% of postmenopausal women, and 10-25% of women receiving systemic hormone therapy experience urogenital atrophy. The most common symptoms are dryness, burning, pruritus, irritation, and dyspareunia. Estrogen loss, drugs, and chemical sensitivities are causes. Estrogen or ho...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.21.5.464.34486
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 32-year-old woman with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis, and osteoporosis was prescribed azathioprine for a steroid-sparing effect. Stable, therapeutic international normalized ratios (INRs) were obtained with warfarin 35 mg/week during a 6-week postpartum course to treat...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.21.3.355.34208
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of fluoxetine on the pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular safety of cisapride at steady state in healthy men. DESIGN:Open-label, three-phase, sequential study. SETTING:Clinical research center. SUBJECTS:Twelve healthy male volunteers. INTERVENTIONS:Each subject was treated acco...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.21.2.149.34109
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Warfarin is an anticoagulant available as a racemic mixture. The R- and S-isomers differ with respect to relative plasma concentrations, clearance, potency, sites of metabolism, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes responsible for metabolism. S-Warfarin, the more potent isomer, is metabolized primarily by CYP2C9. Gene...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.21.2.235.34106
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleoside analogs (zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, abacavir, lamivudine) have been administered as antiretroviral agents for more than a decade. They undergo anabolic phosphorylation by intracellular kinases to form triphosphates, which inhibit human immunodeficiency virus replication by competitively...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.21.1.11.34439
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia can occur in 60-80% of patients with Alzheimer's disease or other dementing illnesses, and are important in that they are a source of significant caregiver stress and often precipitate nursing home placement. These symptoms, namely, aggression, delusions, hallucination...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.21.1.74.34437
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synercid (RP 59500), the first injectable streptogramin antibiotic, is composed of two semisynthetic pristinamycin derivatives, quinupristin and dalfopristin. Individually, each component has bacteriostatic activity against staphylococci and streptococci, but together, the agents exhibit synergy, leading to bactericid...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.20.19.1469.34858
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management of heart failure is complex. Initiating and maintaining drug therapy in patients with heart failure can be challenging. Many factors influence the heart failure syndrome and are important to account for when evaluating these patients. Concomitant diseases such as ischemic heart disease and hypertension ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.20.18.385s.34609
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To compare the antiemetic effectiveness and safety of oral granisetron plus dexamethasone with those of oral ondansetron plus dexamethasone administered before emetogenic chemotherapy. DESIGN:Randomized, prospective, multicenter, open-label study. SETTINGS:University-teaching hospital and veterans he...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1592/phco.20.17.1318.34894
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify and describe the scope of practice that characterizes the critical care pharmacist and critical care pharmacy services. Specifically, the goals were to define the level of clinical practice and specialized skills characterizing the critical care pharmacist as clinician, educator, researcher, and m...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and use of intravenous human cytomegalovirus immune globulin (CytoGam) in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). DESIGN:Prospective, nonrandomized, nonblinded, single-center study. SETTING:University teaching hospital. PATIENTS:Five consecutive patients with he...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.20.15.1175.34592
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies that demonstrate the clinical and economic burden of drug misadventures have been published. The economic burden of drug misadventures likely exceeds $100 billion annually in the United States alone. Clinical pharmacy services (CPS) have been shown to reduce negative clinical outcomes and costs of drug therapy...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.20.16.243s.35018
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Target drug programs and medication use evaluations are activities that are undertaken to improve the correct use of drugs. These programs should focus on inappropriate drug use, drug use problems, optimizing use of drugs, and improving the level of patient care. To monitor the effects of the programs, several types o...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.20.16.322s.35014
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and costs associated with a formulary conversion from amlodipine to alternative calcium channel blockers. DESIGN:Retrospective study. SETTING:Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PATIENTS:One hundred patients with hypertension who were receiving amlodipine. INTERVE...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.20.13.1072.35022
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meglumine antimoniate was administered to a patient with visceral leishmaniasis with normal renal function. Soon after the first intramuscular administration of meglumine antimoniate 20 mg/kg, equivalent to 510 mg antimony (Sb), the patient developed septic shock with oliguria. Creatinine clearance decreased to 23 ml/...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.20.13.1141.35032
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To evaluate hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using the erythromycin breath test (ERMBT), and to examine the relationship of the ERMBT to plasma concentrations of indinavir and nelfinavir. DESIGN:Prospective observational study....
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.20.11.898.35262
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence suggests that periodontal disease may predispose to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Data support mechanisms of host-derived local and systemic proinflammatory responses similar to atherosclerosis, consisting of monocytic-derived cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, which are induced by p...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.20.9.805.35189
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To compare the performance of polyclonal fluorescence polarization immunoassay (pFPIA) with that of enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) in patients receiving vancomycin and hemodialysis. SETTING:Outpatient hemodialysis center. PATIENTS:Seven subjects with end-stage renal disease treated wit...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.20.7.653.35177
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Outpatient transesophageal echocardiography was performed in a 69-year-old man with a history of aortic valve repair. During the procedure the patient became markedly cyanotic and hypotensive. Oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry decreased from 97% to the mid-80s. The man's condition continued to deteriorate. ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.20.7.735.35175
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contrast medium-induced nephrotoxicity (CMN) is a common form of iatrogenic acute renal failure. Typically, patients experience changes in serum creatinine or creatinine clearance between 1 and 5 days after exposure to a contrast medium, but they rarely require dialysis. The mechanism for CMN is not understood, but re...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.20.6.540.35154
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetic disposition of numerous antimicrobial agents is altered in critically ill patients. Pharmacokinetics of trovafloxacin, a fluoroquinolone indicated specifically for severe, life-threatening infections in the intensive care unit, have not been well studied in this population. We characterized the pha...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1592/phco.20.5.400.35056
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluconazole is a commonly prescribed antifungal agent with a favorable safety profile. A patient experienced agranulocytosis and eosinophilia associated with the drug. Similar bone marrow-suppressive effect due to the azoles is rarely described in the English-language literature. ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.20.5.484.35058
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Albuterol is a 50:50 mixture of R-albuterol, the active enantiomer, and S-albuterol, which appears to be inactive in humans. The Food and Drug Administration recently approved levalbuterol, the pure R-isomer, as a preservative-free nebulizer solution. Published studies indicate that it is neither safer nor more effect...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.20.3.123.34776
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00